Determinan Internal Dan Eksternal Pembentuk Konsep Diri Masa Remaja: Scoping Review Berbasis Prisma 2009

Made Deisyana Winaryanta; Galih Gayatri; Shofi Khaqul Ilmy

doi:10.54867/jkm.v13i1.288

Authors

Made Deisyana Winaryanta Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Galih Gayatri Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Shofi Khaqul Ilmy
nilmy@undiksha.ac.id

Keywords:

self Concept, Ideal self, self Image, Self role, Self Identity, Self Esteem , Adolescence

Abstract

Adolescence is an important period for the formation of self-concept. This review aims to identify internal and external factors that influence adolescent self-concept and serve as a basis for nursing interventions to support healthy psychosocial development. This review was conducted using a scoping review approach based on the 2009 PRISMA protocol, with four databases, namely ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The selected keywords were self-concept, self-image, identity, self, self-esteem, and adolescence. Full English-language articles indexed in at least Sinta and published between 2019 and 2025 were included in the inclusion criteria. Fifteen articles were reviewed. The review results show that internal factors such as physical changes related to puberty and childhood trauma affect adolescents' self-concept, as do external factors such as peer support, parenting style, national identity, and exposure to social media. Adolescents are highly vulnerable to psychological stress due to complex physical, mental, and social changes. Nurses, especially in schools and communities, can help adolescents develop a positive and adaptive self-concept by providing psychoeducation, psychosocial screening, counseling, and collaborating with teachers and parents.

References

Avci, H., Baams, L., Kretschmer, T., 2025. A Systematic Review of Social Media Use and Adolescent Identity Development. Adolesc Res Rev 10, 219–236.

Bogaerts, A., Claes, L., Buelens, T., Verschueren, M., Palmeroni, N., Bastiaens, T., Luyckx, K., 2021. Identity Synthesis and Confusion in Early to Late Adolescents: Age Trends, Gender Differences, and Associations with Depressive Symptoms. J Adolesc 87, 106–116.

Domínguez-Martín, A.T., Rico-Martín, S., Calderón-García, J.F., Huerta-González, S., Lavado-García, J., Roncero-Martín, R., de la Luz Canal-Macías, M., Pedrera-Zamorano, J.D., López-Espuela, F., 2025. Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Self-Esteem and Body Image in Spanish Adolescents. BMC Psychol 13, 1–9.

Dorčić, T.M., Smojver-Ažić, S., Božić, I., Malkoč, I., 2023. Effects of Social Media Social Comparisons and Identity Processes on Body Image Satisfaction in Late Adolescence. Eur J Psychol 19, 220–231.

Elmanora, Handriani, A.Y., Naomi, R.B., Aurelia, P., Ganda, K.R., Pasla, H., 2023. Peran Parental Bonding dalam Meningkatkan Self-Esteem Pada Anak Usia Remaja. JKKP: Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan 10, 115–126.

Fernández-Bustos, J.G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., Contreras, O.R., 2019. Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Concept: Theoretical Model on The Mediation of Body Image and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescents. Front Psychol 10, 1–11.

Golshiri, P., Mostofi, A., Rouzbahani, S., 2023. The Effect of Problem-Solving and Assertiveness Training on Self-Esteem and Mental Health of Female Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial. BMC Psychol 11, 1–8.

Handayani, A., Sudargo, Yulianti, P.D., Ardini, S.N., 2020. The Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Self-Concept: An Overview Based on Self Theory. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 8, 553–566.

Hu, Y., Yang, Y., He, Z., Wang, D., Xu, F., Zhu, X., Wang, K., 2024. Self-Concept Mediates The Relationships Between Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Adolescent Depression in Both Clinical and Community Samples. BMC Psychiatry 24, 1–12.

Jaruga-Sękowska, S., Staśkiewicz-Bartecka, W., Woźniak-Holecka, J., 2025. The Impact of Social Media on Eating Disorder Risk and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Psychosocial Analysis in Individuals Aged 16–25. Nutrients 17, 1.

Jiang, L., Yang, D., Li, Y., Yuan, J., 2021. The Influence of Pubertal Development on Adolescent Depression: The Mediating Effects of Negative Physical Self and Interpersonal Stress. Front Psychiatry 12, 1–9.

Keliat, B.A., Mulia, M., Fitriani, N., 2023. Promosi Kesehatan Jiwa:Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik, 2nd ed. EGC, Jakarta.

Lete, G.R., Kusuma, F.H.D., Rosdiana, Y., 2019. Hubungan Antara Harga Diri dengan Resiliensi Remaja di Panti Asuhan Bakti Luhur Malang. Nurs News 4, 20–28.

Lichy, J., McLeay, F., Burdfield, C., Matthias, O., 2023. Understanding Pre-Teen Consumers Social Media Engagement. Int J Consum Stud 47, 202–215.

Mann, R.B., Blumberg, F., 2022. Adolescents and Social Media: The Effects of Frequency of Use, Self-Presentation, Social Comparison, and Self Esteem on Possible Self Imagery. Acta Psychol (Amst) 228, 1–8.

Melamed, D.M., Botting, J., Lofthouse, K., Pass, L., Meiser-Stedman, R., 2024. The Relationship Between Negative Self-Concept, Trauma, and Maltreatment in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 27, 220–234.

Mougharbel, F., Chaput, J.P., Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Hamilton, H.A., Colman, I., Leatherdale, S.T., Goldfield, G.S., 2023. Heavy Social Media Use and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Sex, Age, and Parental Support. Front Public Health 11, 1–11.

Pradinavika, R., Baiduri, I., 2023. The Effect of Social Support on Adolescent Self-esteem. J Educ Psychol 2, 1–5.

Pratiwi, D.A., Lestari, N.E., Afrina, R., 2024. Hubungan Konsep Diri dan Gaya Hidup dengan Perilaku Konsumtif Penggunaan Gadget pada Remaja. Open Access Jakarta Journal of Health Sciences 3, 1317–1326.

Purnama, H., Kurniasih, W., 2025. Determinants of Adolescent Self-Concept in The Digital Age: A Cross Sectional Analysis. Journal of Healthcare Technology 2, 67–73.

Saputro, Y.A., Sugiarti, R., 2021. Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya dan Konsep Diri terhadap Penyesuaian Diri pada Siswa SMA Kelas X. Philanthropy Journal of Psychology 5, 59–72.

Scholten, E.W.M., Simon, J.D.H.P., Van Diemen, T., Hillebregt, C.F., Ketelaar, M., Woldendorp, K.H., Osterthun, R., Visser-Meily, J.M.A., Post, M.W.M., 2020. Appraisals and Coping Mediate The Relationship Between Resilience and Distress among Significant Others of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury or Acquired Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychol 8, 1–11.

Seff, I., Bennouna, C., Gillespie, A., Ali, A., Allaf, C., Wessells, M., Stark, L., 2024. Meaning-Focused Coping as A Cultural Process: A Mixed Quantitative and Photo Voice Study of Adolescents with Arab Backgrounds Overcoming Stigma and Harassment. Soc Sci Med 350, 116921.

Siswopranoto, A., Ikhsan, A., Saputri, G., Aisyah, I., Ester, R., 2021. Sosialisasi Internet Sehat di Kalangan Remaja untuk Meminimalkan Dampak Negatif dari Berinternet Pada SMP Islam Al Wasatiyah. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer 4, 44–49.

Tanjung, H., Lestari, S., Bahri, S., Roza, S.D., 2025. Hubungan Antara Konsep Diri dan Penerimaan Perubahan Fisik Pada Remaja Wanita Pada Masa Pubertas. JUKEJ: Jurnal Kesehatan Jompa 4, 222–227.

Valkenburg, P., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J.L., Van Driel, I.I., Keijsers, L., 2021. Social Media Use and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem: Heading for a Person-Specific Media Effects Paradigm. Journal of Communication 71, 56–78.

Vartanian, L.R., Pinkus, R.T., Fardouly, J., 2025. Self-Concept Clarity and Appearance Comparisons in Everyday Life. Body Image 52, 1–9.

Villalobos, J.M.R., Vega, H.B., Vásquez, S.I.A., Ornelas, J.R.B., Leal, A.C.D., Pando, E.V.B., Garcia, P.J.J., 2023. Physical Self-concept in Mexican Adolescent Men and Women. Retos 47, 610–614.

Wijaya, L.S., Subroto, U., 2025. The Influence of Fear of Missing Out On Self-Concept Among High School Students. Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis 5, 353–366.

Windasari, R., 2025. Adolescents’ Self-Concept: an Examination of Social Media Addiction. Health Research Journal 2, 156–160.

Xu, X., Han, W., Liu, Q., 2023. Peer Pressure and Adolescent Mobile Social Media Addiction: Moderation Analysis of Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Clarity. Front Public Health 11, 1–9.

Yang, Y., Zhan, J., Fan, Y., 2025. From National Identity to Well-Being: The Crucial Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in Adolescents. BMC Psychol 13, 1–16.

Zhang, Q., Miao, L., He, L., Wang, H., 2022. The Relationship between Self-Concept and Negative Emotion: A Moderated Mediation Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19, 1–10.